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          Barracuda官方教程（一）
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            <div class="post-description">本文总结了Barracuda官方教程中的一些知识点，此为第一部分：Introduction to Barracuda VR</div>

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        <h2 id="Introduction-to-CPFD-Software-and-the-Barracuda-Virtual-Reactor"><a href="#Introduction-to-CPFD-Software-and-the-Barracuda-Virtual-Reactor" class="headerlink" title="Introduction to CPFD Software and the Barracuda Virtual Reactor"></a>Introduction to CPFD Software and the Barracuda Virtual Reactor</h2><h2 id="Fluid-Particle-flows"><a href="#Fluid-Particle-flows" class="headerlink" title="Fluid-Particle flows"></a>Fluid-Particle flows</h2><h3 id="Examples"><a href="#Examples" class="headerlink" title="Examples"></a>Examples</h3><ul>
<li>Fluidized Beds</li>
<li>Ore Reactors</li>
<li>Cyclones</li>
<li>Risers</li>
<li>Deep Beds</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="What-is-different-than-single-phase-flows"><a href="#What-is-different-than-single-phase-flows" class="headerlink" title="What is different than single phase flows?"></a>What is different than single phase flows?</h3><p>Particles are <strong>NOT</strong> fluids:</p>
<ul>
<li>Particles are discrete entities (cannot be subdivided like a fluid)</li>
<li>Particles have a size distribution</li>
<li>Particle cannot completely fill a space</li>
<li>Particles occupy a physical volume (and displace fluid)</li>
<li>Particles <strong>CAN</strong> support a shear stress (while fluids <strong>CANNOT</strong> support a shear stress)</li>
</ul>
<p>Other considerations:</p>
<ul>
<li>Coupling between particles and fluids</li>
<li>Wall treatments</li>
<li>Boundary treatment</li>
<li>Thermal, chemistry…</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Modeling-approaches"><a href="#Modeling-approaches" class="headerlink" title="Modeling approaches"></a>Modeling approaches</h3><p>To accurately simulate fluid-particle flows, one must model the effects of:</p>
<ul>
<li>Drag and coupling<ul>
<li>Dilute flows (&lt;1% by volume)</li>
<li>Dense flows (up to close pack)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Many particle sizes or size distribution</li>
<li>Multiple types of particles (size, density, composition)</li>
<li>Particle interactions (walls, other particles)</li>
<li>Heat transfer</li>
<li>Chemical reactions<ul>
<li>Gas-phase (homogeneous)</li>
<li>Gas + particles (heterogeneous)</li>
<li>Changing particle composition</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>There are different approaches to modeling particle flows</p>
<pre class="mermaid">graph TB
A[Modeling Approachs]-->B1[Single Phase]
A-->B2[Multi-Phase]
B1-->B11[Eulerian]
B1-->B12[Lagrangian]
B2-->B21[Eulerian/Eulerian]
B2-->B22[Eulerian/Lagrangian]
B22-->B221[Unidirectional Coupling]
B22-->B222[Bi-directional Coupling: Barracuda VR]</pre>

<h2 id="The-CPFD-modeling-approach"><a href="#The-CPFD-modeling-approach" class="headerlink" title="The CPFD? modeling approach"></a>The CPFD? modeling approach</h2><h3 id="Overview"><a href="#Overview" class="headerlink" title="Overview"></a>Overview</h3><ol>
<li>What about the large number of particles?<ul>
<li>Lesser number of computational particles</li>
<li>The particle field is resolved by using a reasonable number of computational particles</li>
<li>Each computational particle represents one or more actual particle(s) with identical physical properties</li>
<li>The physics are computed on the individual particle (e.g. drag based on size, chemistry, etc.)</li>
<li>All changes experienced by the computational particle are applied to all actual  particles represented by that computational particle (proper fluid displacement)</li>
<li>Many CPFD calculations utilize between 500,000 and 5,000,000 computational particles</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>What about particle contact and collision?<ul>
<li>Modeled, rather than directly computed</li>
<li>Collision detection can be prohibitive with millions of computational particles</li>
<li>Rather than computing which particle a given computational particle will impact, the CPFD method is more concerned with the question “is a collision likely to occur?”</li>
<li>The collisions are then subjected to various models<ul>
<li>Enduring contact at close-pack handled via a non-linear stress tensor</li>
<li>BGK-type collisional damping</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>What about inter-phase coupling?<ul>
<li>Inter-phase interpolation operators, and tight, bi-directional coupling</li>
<li>Different particles experience different motion, even though both are in the same cell</li>
<li>All sub-grid particle motion is coupled back to the fluid phase momentum equation</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="Advantages-and-disadvantages"><a href="#Advantages-and-disadvantages" class="headerlink" title="Advantages and disadvantages"></a>Advantages and disadvantages</h3><p>Advantages:</p>
<ul>
<li>PSD</li>
<li>Erosion</li>
<li>Number of particles</li>
</ul>
<p>Disadvantages:</p>
<ul>
<li>Direct particle contact</li>
<li>Multiple particles must fit in cell</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Validation"><a href="#Validation" class="headerlink" title="Validation"></a>Validation</h2><ul>
<li>$U_{mf}$</li>
<li>dP/dz</li>
<li>2D Bed</li>
<li>PSRI Jet Cup</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Commercial-examples-and-case-studies"><a href="#Commercial-examples-and-case-studies" class="headerlink" title="Commercial examples and case studies"></a>Commercial examples and case studies</h2><h3 id="Biomass-CFB-combustor"><a href="#Biomass-CFB-combustor" class="headerlink" title="Biomass CFB combustor"></a>Biomass CFB combustor</h3><h3 id="FCC-regenerator"><a href="#FCC-regenerator" class="headerlink" title="FCC regenerator"></a>FCC regenerator</h3><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/kity@2.0.4/dist/kity.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/kityminder-core@1.4.50/dist/kityminder.core.min.js"></script><script defer="true" type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/hexo-simple-mindmap@0.2.0/dist/mindmap.min.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/hexo-simple-mindmap@0.2.0/dist/mindmap.min.css">
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